Perú

Preventable diseases exact a high cost among the world's poor. Diarrhea and acute respiratory infections account for two thirds of deaths among children under five.... Mostrar más + Handwashing with soap can prevent these diseases by minimizing the transmission of harmful pathogens found in fecal matter into the home. Hygiene programs can become a potentially effective way to improve public health, and the health of children in particular. Despite potential benefits, however, handwashing with soap remains uncommon: rates of handwashing after defecation are below 35% in many developing countries. In Peru, a baseline survey conducted during 2008 found that only 46 percent of caregivers reported washing hands after defecation. Evaluation results from The Handwashing Initiative (HWI) in Peru show that a behavior change campaign consisting of radio, print and public events alone was not successfully recalled by target audiences and did not prove to stimulate any behavior change. However, when this strategy was coupled with more intensive activities in community and school settings, the program positively affected the handwashing practices of caretakers of young children, although not to an extent that showed improved child health. Program effects were most consistently observed in households with children in target schools. These improved self-reported and directly observed handwashing behavior in two of four critical times. However, these improvements in handwashing behavior did not translate into significant impacts on environmental conditions or child health. Yet, observed rates of handwashing behavior, still fewer than 35 percent, indicate there is significant room for improvement of this practice in Peru. Mostrar menos -

The Government of Peru is committed to improving rural electrification coverage, aiming to increase rural coverage from an estimated 55 percent at the end of 2010 t... Mostrar más + o 88 percent by 2020. To achieve this goal, the Directorate General of Rural Electrification (DGER) of the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) has been implementing and executing the National Plan for Rural Electrification, prepared annually, based on the 2006 Rural Electrification Law, to extend service and attract participation of the population, local governments and electricity distribution companies. Within this program, the World Bank (WB) and Global Environmental Facility (GEF) are supporting the Directorate of Competitive Funds (DFC) of the DGER in the implementation and execution of the Rural Electrification (RE) Project, initiated in July 2006 and the Second Rural Electrification Project initiated in July 2011, to assist electricity distribution companies to implement rural electrification. Among the activities underway in the first RE Project is the implementation of a pilot program to develop the productive use of electricity, promoting opportunities for income generation in rural areas. This report provides an early assessment of the productive uses of electricity in Peru under the RE Project. Mostrar menos -

The authors main thesis is that Peru has made significant progress in recent years thanks to a combination of good policy and good luck, the latter represented by a... Mostrar más + n international environment very favorable to higher prices for mining products. Progress is evident both statistically and in concrete improvements in some aspects of the quality of life of Peruvians. The economic boom since the beginning of the 2000 decade, that had the most momentum in recent years, was interrupted by the unusual international financial system crisis. This was reflected in a marked slowdown in economy activity from late 2008 until the second half of 2009. By 2010, the Peruvian economy had returned to high growth rates achieved before the global crisis. This behavior was in stark contrast to the crises of the seventies, eighties and nineties, which impacted negatively on the Peruvian economy. It appears that the vulnerable and unstable political past of Peru is in the past. Out of that uncertainty is born a new, stronger, more prosperous Peru which is filled with a remarkable dynamism. Notwithstanding the progress, the new Peru still faces serious challenges in regard to reducing poverty and inequality, and environmental sustainability. The authors conclude that Peru is on the threshold of a new era marching at high speed, and has an historic opportunity to consolidate growth and get full benefits for all Peruvians. The future lies with the Peruvian government and society in general. This study contains policy notes that have been grouped into two volumes: this volume (I), comprises four chapters that examine the progress and challenges in Peru compressed into four key areas for economic and social development, and volume (II) which includes numerous policy brief notes dealing in depth sectoral assessments and policy reforms in a wide range of topics. Mostrar menos -

This study aims to develop a traffic management plan for two districts of the city of Lima, including specifically the following topics: i. Traffic management plan ... Mostrar más + in the district of Barranco. ii. Traffic Management Plan in the Historic Center of Lima in the area bordered by the Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, Av Grau, Abancay Avenue and the Rimac River, and iii. Methodological guidelines for future management of deviations in traffic and some traffic management issues in general in the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima. The three themes of the study area were developed, proposals were drawn up and concrete and positive conclusions that will solve the existing problems were reached. To improve traffic management and minimize the cost to the city by poor execution, the rerouting of traffic and the consequent risk of accidents it is recommended that the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima come forth with a body of trained professionals who work with great coordination in the planning and management. This same body shall develop and adopt solutions to traffic detours before development of definitive studies of projects for implementation that require rerouting of traffic. These studies do not mean that the analysis has exhausted the subject. To the contrary, it is expected that from now a process for the assessment of the problem will start and it will be also desirable to perform other necessary studies. The study eventually develops methodological guidelines for the management of future diversions and to improve aspects of traffic management in Lima. Mostrar menos -

This report describes the outcome of a meeting held with 33 civil society leaders who expressed the voice of NGOs, church groups, grassroots organizations, entrepre... Mostrar más + neurs, and indigenous organizations, as part of the process of consulting in the development of the Partnership Strategy with Peru from 2012 to 2016. The sessions, held in Cusco on October 26-27, 2011, were a continuation of the Macro Consultation that was held in Lima in June with relevant participants at the national level. The consultations were held to collect, organize and generate recommendations based on feedback from participants to report on issues affecting regional development, identify the best practices developed by the players, and provide suggestions to the World Bank for the next five years. These are the issues on which consensus was reached during the meeting: First, consensus on the capacity of local governments to assume the management of sociopolitical and economic contexts at the regional level. Second, consensus on the need for a land use plan promoted by the state, which allows for specific economic and conservation areas, with the aim of curbing conflicts between communities and companies that plan to invest in these areas. Third, consensus on intercultural care in health services and education. This item appeared in all workgroups and was reaffirmed in the dialogue with local authorities and leaders of Cusco. Fourth, consensus on strengthening the capacity of civil society to organize and have a purposeful direction. Mostrar menos -

This assessment responds to two groups of principal questions: (i) Is the Participatory Budget (PP) producing the expected impact on the intermediate level (pro-poo... Mostrar más + r budget allocation) and final impacts (increased tax collection, reducing corruption and improving the legitimacy of local public institutions); and (ii) What are the factors that limit or are driving PP impacts? Is Participatory Budget an inclusive, legitimate and timely factor? Is the PP synchronized with the budget cycle regulation in terms of deadlines and requirements? Despite the achievements, the results of the implementation of the PP are a matter of debate. The study discussed the representativeness and legitimacy of participation and the possible influence of PP in the fragmentation of public investment in the national sub level, the low incidence of the activities of accountability and monitoring, weak integration of PP with the general cycle of budgeting and investment and low strategic vision of participatory budgeting in the process. Mostrar menos -

The authors main thesis is that Peru has made significant progress in recent years thanks to a combination of good policy and good luck, the latter represented by a... Mostrar más + n international environment very favorable to higher prices for mining products. Progress is evident both statistically and in concrete improvements in some aspects of the quality of life of Peruvians. The economic boom since the beginning of the 2000 decade, that had the most momentum in recent years, was interrupted by the unusual international financial system crisis. This was reflected in a marked slowdown in economy activity from late 2008 until the second half of 2009. By 2010, the Peruvian economy had returned to high growth rates achieved before the global crisis. This behavior was in stark contrast to the crises of the seventies, eighties and nineties, which impacted negatively on the Peruvian economy. It appears that the vulnerable and unstable political past of Peru is in the past. Out of that uncertainty is born a new, stronger, more prosperous Peru which is filled with a remarkable dynamism. Notwithstanding the progress, the new Peru still faces serious challenges in regard to reducing poverty and inequality, and environmental sustainability. The authors conclude that Peru is on the threshold of a new era marching at high speed, and has an historic opportunity to consolidate growth and get full benefits for all Peruvians. The future lies with the Peruvian government and society in general. This study contains policy notes that have been grouped into two volumes: this volume (I), comprises four chapters that examine the progress and challenges in Peru compressed into four key areas for economic and social development, and volume (II) which includes numerous policy brief notes dealing in depth sectoral assessments and policy reforms in a wide range of topics. Mostrar menos -

The authors main thesis is that Peru has made significant progress in recent years thanks to a combination of good policy and good luck, the latter represented by a... Mostrar más + n international environment very favorable to higher prices for mining products. Progress is evident both statistically and in concrete improvements in some aspects of the quality of life of Peruvians. The economic boom since the beginning of the 2000 decade, that had the most momentum in recent years, was interrupted by the unusual international financial system crisis. This was reflected in a marked slowdown in economy activity from late 2008 until the second half of 2009. By 2010, the Peruvian economy had returned to high growth rates achieved before the global crisis. This behavior was in stark contrast to the crises of the seventies, eighties and nineties, which impacted negatively on the Peruvian economy. It appears that the vulnerable and unstable political past of Peru is in the past. Out of that uncertainty is born a new, stronger, more prosperous Peru which is filled with a remarkable dynamism. Notwithstanding the progress, the new Peru still faces serious challenges in regard to reducing poverty and inequality, and environmental sustainability. The authors conclude that Peru is on the threshold of a new era marching at high speed, and has an historic opportunity to consolidate growth and get full benefits for all Peruvians. The future lies with the Peruvian government and society in general. This study contains policy notes that have been grouped into two volumes: this volume (I), comprises four chapters that examine the progress and challenges in Peru compressed into four key areas for economic and social development, and volume (II) which includes numerous policy brief notes dealing in depth sectoral assessments and policy reforms in a wide range of topics. Mostrar menos -

Este estudio evalúa los avances del mercado laboral peruano durante los últimos 10 años (1997-2009). Durante este período, la economía experimentó bajas (1997-2002)... Mostrar más + y alzas (2002-08), y hace poco, una recesión grave seguida de una rápida recuperación. En 1997, el mercado laboral peruano se caracterizó por un bajo desempleo abierto, un sector informal de gran tamaño y la concentración del empleo en actividades de baja productividad. Entre 1997 y 2002, los indicadores del mercado laboral se deterioraron y el crecimiento se redujo considerablemente. La situación se revirtió sustancialmente gracias al auge económico de 2002-08. El empleo de nuevos trabajadores en este período se vio favorecido por trabajadores regionales altamente móviles. La calidad de las tasas de empleo y de pobreza también mejoró durante el boom. El mercado laboral estuvo especialmente dinámico en la segunda mitad del auge, cuando el crecimiento se aceleró y se amplió cada vez más. La crisis económica mundial perjudicó en forma temporal al mercado laboral peruano. Sin embargo, la situación se recupera aunque lento. En general, el impacto de la crisis en el mercado laboral peruano ha sido relativamente modesto a pesar de la ausencia de intervenciones específicas. En 2009, tanto la economía como el mercado laboral peruano eran notoriamente más grandes que en 1997 puesto que las mujeres participaban en forma activa y el desempleo había disminuido. A pesar del notorio auge, el país sigue enfrentando desafíos estructurales importantes, lo que incluye baja productividad laboral, alta informalidad y crecimiento lento de los salarios reales. El informe concluye que Perú ha logrado avances económicos y sociales notorios en los últimos 10 años, pero esto no ha sido suficiente por sí solo para vencer los desafíos estructurales clave del mercado laboral. Uno de los mensajes más importantes de este estudio es que, en Perú, el alto crecimiento económico con cimientos sólidos no es suficiente para reducir drásticamente la economía informal, estimular la productividad de la fuerza laboral y garantizar el crecimiento estable de los salarios reales. Para enfrentar estos desafíos, el Gobierno debe insistir en la construcción de capital humano mediante educación y capacitación para trabajadores de alta calidad y mejorando el equilibrio entre eficiencia social y económica para rediseñar el entorno comercial y regulador. Estas son las principales dificultades que deben salvar las autoridades en sus esfuerzos por mejorar el bienestar de todos los peruanos. Mostrar menos -

En 2002, Perú inició un proceso de descentralización que incluyó la descentralización de los servicios educacionales. Durante el período en que se introdujeron esta... Mostrar más + s reformas, no se observó una mejora significativa de los resultados en términos educacionales, aunque hay indicios de que esto puede cambiar. El autor cree que aunque ocurran algunos cambios, no serán importantes en cuanto a mantener los avances de aprendizaje hasta que los estudiantes logren diversas competencias. Este informe identifica cuatro estrategias de políticas para que las autoridades creen las condiciones necesarias para que la descentralización muestre su verdadero valor en el desarrollo de la educación. Mostrar menos -